Summary
Ichinomiya (一宮) means “first shrine.” It refers to the highest-ranked shrine of each old province in Japan, known for its history, authority, and spiritual importance. This article gives a clear overview so first-time visitors can understand the basics with confidence.
Key Facts
- Meaning: The most important shrine of each province (kuni 国).
- Number: About 100 shrines are commonly recognized as Ichinomiya. Some sources also include a few modern additions called “Shin Ichinomiya,” so counts may vary.
- System: Began under the Ritsuryo system (roughly 7th–10th centuries).
- Governor’s duty: Provincial governors (kokushi 国司) paid respects here first upon arrival.
- Records: Many are listed in the Engishiki Jinmyocho (延喜式神名帳, 927 AD).
- Modern aspect: Some provinces have more than one Ichinomiya due to historical changes.
- Pilgrimage: Pilgrims often travel around Japan to visit Ichinomiya and collect shrine stamps (goshuin 御朱印).
- Visitors: Often regarded as spiritual power spots, attracting worshippers from across Japan.
History in Brief
From the 7th century to the early 19th century (early Meiji), Japan was divided into 68 provinces. Each had a local government office (kokufu 国府) and one shrine recognized as the highest — the Ichinomiya.
The governor sent from the capital would first pay respects at this shrine, making it both a spiritual and political center. Each Ichinomiya enshrines important kami (deities), often major figures from Japanese mythology or protective gods of the provinces.
Most Ichinomiya are ancient and listed in the Engishiki (927 AD). Later, as central power weakened, some provinces came to have two or more Ichinomiya, supported by local traditions and patron families.
Ichinomiya Today
Ichinomiya shrines remain highly respected across Japan. They represent local identity and a deep spiritual heritage that continues to attract worshippers today.
- Many towns grew around these shrines, and some still keep the name “Ichinomiya.”
- Worshippers visit not only from the local area but also from across Japan.
- They are often called spiritual power spots, believed to bring good fortune (kaiun 開運), success, and protection.
- Many visitors also collect goshuin as a record of their visit.
Auxiliary Shrines (Sessha and Massha)
Across Japan, many shrines — including Ichinomiya — have small auxiliary shrines within their grounds. These are called Sessha (摂社) and Massha (末社), dedicated to kami (deities) connected with the main shrine.
- In the past, sessha were shrines for deities closely related to the main kami, such as its active spirit, spouse, or child. Massha were other related shrines within the same precinct.
- Today, both are respected as part of the same sacred area and are often called keidaisha (境内社).
- You can pray in the same way as at the main shrine: bow twice, clap twice, bow once.
- Goshuin and omamori are usually handled at the main office.
- Photography may be restricted near sacred areas. Please follow on-site signs.
- Large shrines such as Ise Jingu also have many auxiliary shrines, showing that this tradition exists throughout Japan.
Each auxiliary shrine has its own unique character and atmosphere. When you visit, take a little time to explore them as part of your trip.
Shin Ichinomiya (新一宮)
Some regions, such as Hokkaido and Okinawa, did not have an Ichinomiya system in ancient times. In modern times, a private association called the Association of Ichinomiya Shrines (Zenkoku Ichinomiya Kai 全国一の宮会) designated several “Shin Ichinomiya” (New First Shrines) to represent these areas. They are respected local centers of faith, but their titles are modern and not part of the historical Ichinomiya system.
This guide also introduces these shrines, with notes included when applicable.
How to Visit
- You can find Ichinomiya shrines across Japan. Even visiting one shrine during your trip can be a special memory.
- After prayer, many visitors receive a goshuin (shrine stamp) or take home an omamori (amulet).
- Weekends and festival days are more crowded.
Ichinomiya Near Major Airports
From Narita Airport (NRT)
- Katori Jingu 🔗 — Train about 1h40 + bus 15 min or taxi 10 min
- Kashima Jingu 🔗 — Train about 1h30–40 + walk 10 min
From Haneda Airport (HND)
- Tsurugaoka Hachimangu 🔗 — Train about 1h + walk 10 min
- Hikawa Shrine 🔗 — Train about 1h20 + walk 20 min or bus
From Kansai International Airport (KIX)
- Sumiyoshi Taisha 🔗 — Train about 50–60 min + walk 3 min
- Ootori Taisha 🔗 — Train about 40–50 min + walk 10 min
These shrines are easy to visit from airports. They are good choices if you arrive early, have a few hours before departure, or want a simple first step into Japanese tradition.
Etiquette
Visiting an Ichinomiya is a calm and spiritual experience. Please follow the basic manners of Shinto shrines. For step-by-step prayer, see our guide: How to Pray 🔗
- Stay quiet and respectful.
- No eating or drinking inside the grounds.
- Photography may be restricted near sacred areas. Please follow on-site signs.
Note
There is no single official list of all Ichinomiya in English. Definitions and counts may differ by source. This article uses widely accepted explanations and simple language for visitors.
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